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History

Wyoming County, located in the northeastern part of the state of Pennsylvania, has a rich and storied history that dates back to the early days of American settlement. The county, named after the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, was officially formed on April 4, 1842, from parts of Luzerne County. The name "Wyoming" itself is derived from a Native American word meaning "large plains" or "extensive meadows," reflecting the area's natural landscape that has long been central to its identity.

Before European settlers arrived, the region that would become Wyoming County was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Lenape (Delaware) people. The area was part of a network of trails used by these indigenous groups for hunting, trade, and communication. The Susquehanna River, which runs through the county, was a vital waterway for transportation and sustenance for these early inhabitants.

The first European settlers in Wyoming County were primarily of English and German descent, arriving in the early 18th century. These pioneers were drawn to the region's fertile land, abundant forests, and access to waterways. The establishment of small farming communities quickly followed, with agriculture becoming the backbone of the local economy. The early settlers faced numerous challenges, including conflicts with Native American tribes and the harsh realities of frontier life. However, their perseverance laid the groundwork for the county's growth and development.

The most notable event in Wyoming County's early history is the Wyoming Massacre, which took place on July 3, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War. The massacre occurred in the nearby Wyoming Valley, where British forces, allied with local Native American tribes, attacked American settlers. The massacre was a devastating blow to the local population, with many settlers killed or forced to flee. Despite this tragedy, the survivors eventually returned to rebuild their homes and communities, demonstrating the resilience that would come to define the people of Wyoming County.

In the years following the Revolutionary War, Wyoming County continued to grow as more settlers arrived, attracted by the promise of fertile land and economic opportunities. The county's agricultural base expanded, with farmers cultivating crops such as wheat, corn, and oats, as well as raising livestock. The Susquehanna River played a crucial role in the transportation of goods, allowing farmers to trade their products with markets further afield.

During the 19th century, Wyoming County's economy diversified with the discovery of coal in the region. The coal industry brought a new wave of growth and prosperity to the area, as mines were established and railroads were constructed to transport the coal to markets. The arrival of the railroad also spurred the development of new towns and villages, as well as the growth of existing communities. The coal industry provided employment for many residents and attracted workers from other parts of the country and Europe, contributing to the county's population growth.

Despite the economic boom brought by the coal industry, Wyoming County's economy remained closely tied to agriculture. The county's fertile soil and favorable climate continued to support a thriving agricultural sector, with dairy farming becoming increasingly important in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The county's agricultural heritage is still evident today, with many family-owned farms continuing to operate and produce a variety of crops and livestock.

In the 20th century, Wyoming County, like many other rural areas in the United States, experienced significant changes. The decline of the coal industry, coupled with the rise of industrialization and urbanization, led to shifts in the local economy and population. Many young people left the county in search of better opportunities in larger cities, leading to a gradual decline in population. However, Wyoming County managed to retain its rural character and agricultural base, with tourism emerging as an important part of the local economy in the latter half of the century.

Today, Wyoming County is known for its scenic beauty, outdoor recreational opportunities, and strong sense of community. The county's rich history is preserved in its historic sites, museums, and cultural events, which celebrate the area's heritage and the contributions of its residents over the centuries. From its Native American roots to its role in the American Revolution and beyond, Wyoming County's history is a testament to the resilience and determination of its people.

Climate

The climate of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, is classified as a humid continental climate, which is typical of the northeastern United States. This climate is characterized by four distinct seasons, with cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The county's climate is influenced by its location in the Appalachian region, as well as its elevation and proximity to the Susquehanna River.

Winter in Wyoming County typically lasts from late November through early March, with the coldest months being January and February. During this time, average daily temperatures range from 20°F to 35°F (-6°C to 2°C). The county receives a significant amount of snowfall each winter, with an average annual snowfall of around 40 inches (102 cm). Snowstorms and cold fronts can bring heavier snowfall and frigid temperatures, with occasional lows dipping below 0°F (-18°C). The winter season also brings the risk of ice storms and freezing rain, which can impact travel and outdoor activities.

Despite the cold temperatures, winter in Wyoming County offers opportunities for outdoor recreation, including skiing, snowboarding, and snowmobiling. The county's rolling hills and forests provide a picturesque backdrop for winter sports, while local parks and trails offer space for snowshoeing and cross-country skiing. The winter landscape, with its snow-covered fields and frozen rivers, also attracts photographers and nature enthusiasts.

Spring in Wyoming County, from March to May, is a time of transition as the cold winter gradually gives way to milder temperatures and budding greenery. Average temperatures during spring range from 40°F to 60°F (4°C to 16°C), with occasional rain showers helping to melt the remaining snow and nourish the growing vegetation. The arrival of spring brings the blooming of wildflowers and the return of migratory birds, signaling the renewal of life after the long winter. However, spring can also be unpredictable, with fluctuations in temperature and the possibility of late-season snowstorms.

Summer in Wyoming County is warm and humid, with average daily temperatures ranging from 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). July is typically the hottest month, with occasional heatwaves pushing temperatures into the 90s°F (32°C to 37°C). Despite the heat, summer is a popular time for outdoor activities in Wyoming County, including hiking, fishing, and camping. The county's rivers, lakes, and forests provide ample opportunities for water sports, picnicking, and wildlife watching. The summer months also bring a variety of festivals, fairs, and community events, celebrating the county's agricultural heritage and rural way of life.

Autumn in Wyoming County, from September to November, is a season of vibrant colors and cooler temperatures. Average temperatures during autumn range from 50°F to 70°F (10°C to 21°C) in September, gradually cooling to 35°F to 55°F (2°C to 13°C) by November. The county's forests are particularly picturesque during this time of year, as the leaves of the deciduous trees turn shades of red, orange, and yellow. Fall is also the time of the harvest, with local farms gathering crops such as pumpkins, apples, and corn. The crisp, cool air and colorful scenery make autumn a popular time for hiking, photography, and exploring the county's natural beauty.

Overall, Wyoming County's climate supports a variety of outdoor activities year-round, with each season offering its own unique experiences. The county's residents have adapted to the changing seasons, embracing the opportunities and challenges that come with the region's diverse climate. Whether enjoying the winter snow, the spring blossoms, the summer warmth, or the autumn foliage, the people of Wyoming County take pride in their connection to the natural world and the rhythms of the seasons.

Geography

Wyoming County is located in the northeastern part of Pennsylvania, in the heart of the Appalachian Mountains. The county is part of the larger Endless Mountains region, known for its rugged terrain, rolling hills, and scenic vistas. Wyoming County covers an area of approximately 405 square miles (1,048 square kilometers) and is characterized by its diverse topography, which includes mountains, valleys, rivers, and forests.

The most prominent geographical feature in Wyoming County is the Susquehanna River, which flows through the county from northwest to southeast. The river is one of the longest rivers in the eastern United States and has played a central role in the county's history and development. The Susquehanna River's wide floodplain provides fertile soil for agriculture, while its waters support a variety of fish and wildlife. The river also offers recreational opportunities such as fishing, boating, and birdwatching, making it a vital natural resource for the county.

In addition to the Susquehanna River, Wyoming County is home to several smaller rivers and streams, including Tunkhannock Creek, Bowman Creek, and Mehoopany Creek. These waterways flow through the county's valleys and contribute to its rich biodiversity. The creeks and streams are fed by numerous springs and tributaries, which originate in the surrounding mountains and hills. The presence of these waterways has shaped the county's landscape, creating a network of valleys, ridges, and floodplains that define the region's geography.

The Endless Mountains, which form the western boundary of Wyoming County, are part of the larger Appalachian Mountain range. These mountains are characterized by their steep slopes, dense forests, and rocky outcrops. The highest point in the county is the summit of South Mountain, which rises to an elevation of approximately 2,000 feet (610 meters) above sea level. The mountains provide a natural barrier that has influenced the county's settlement patterns, with most communities located in the valleys and along the riverbanks.

The county's forests are a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees, with species such as oak, maple, pine, and hemlock dominating the landscape. The forests provide habitat for a variety of wildlife, including deer, black bears, turkeys, and songbirds. The county's forested areas are also an important resource for timber production, recreation, and conservation. Many of the county's forests are protected as part of state parks, game lands, and nature preserves, ensuring their preservation for future generations.

The rolling hills and valleys of Wyoming County are largely composed of sedimentary rock, including shale, sandstone, and limestone. These geological formations were created millions of years ago during the Paleozoic era, when the region was covered by a shallow sea. Over time, the layers of sediment accumulated and were compressed into rock, forming the foundation of the county's landscape. The presence of these rock formations has influenced the county's soil composition, water quality, and natural resources.

Agriculture remains an important part of Wyoming County's geography, with farms and fields dotting the landscape. The county's fertile soil, coupled with its favorable climate, supports the production of a variety of crops, including hay, corn, soybeans, and apples. Dairy farming is also a significant industry in the county, with numerous family-owned farms raising cattle and producing milk, cheese, and other dairy products. The agricultural landscape of Wyoming County is a testament to the area's long history of farming and its continued importance to the local economy.

Wyoming County's geography also includes several small towns and villages, each with its own unique character and history. Tunkhannock, the county seat, is located along the banks of the Susquehanna River and serves as the cultural and economic hub of the county. The town is known for its historic downtown area, with Victorian-era buildings, shops, and restaurants. Other communities in the county, such as Factoryville, Meshoppen, and Nicholson, are similarly rooted in the area's agricultural and industrial heritage.

In conclusion, the geography of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, is defined by its diverse landscape of mountains, valleys, rivers, and forests. The county's natural features have shaped its history, economy, and way of life, creating a unique environment that is both beautiful and challenging. Whether exploring the rugged terrain of the Endless Mountains, enjoying the tranquility of the Susquehanna River, or visiting the county's charming towns and villages, visitors to Wyoming County will find a place rich in natural beauty and cultural heritage.